พลังงานลม

ในห้อง 'ภัยพิบัติและการเตรียมการ' ตั้งกระทู้โดย ปาฏิหาริย์, 6 มิถุนายน 2008.

  1. ปาฏิหาริย์

    ปาฏิหาริย์ เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    27 มกราคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    1,282
    ค่าพลัง:
    +3,516
    ไปเจอเวบนี้ http://www.mdpub.com/Wind_Turbine/index.html
    พูดถึงการทำกังหันลมไฟฟ้าด้วยตนเอง
    อ่านดูแล้ว ถ้าใครมีหัวทางช่าง คงบอกว่าไม่ยากเลยนะครับ
    ราคาทำเอง $140.62 ประมาณ4600 บาท
    ได้กระแสไฟฟ้าประมาณ13.32 Volts
    ลองอ่านดูนะครับ
    เผื่อเป็นไอเดีย
    <CENTER> </CENTER><CENTER>How I home-built an electricity producing Wind turbine
    [SIZE=+1]It was easy. You can do it too[/SIZE] [​IMG] </CENTER>
    <TABLE><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=+1][​IMG] Several years ago I bought some remote property in Arizona. I am an astronomer and wanted a place to practice my hobby far away from the sky-wrecking light pollution found near cities of any real size. I found a great piece of property. The problem is, it's so remote that there is no electric service available. That's not really a problem. No electricity equals no light pollution. However, it would be nice to have at least a little electricity, since so much of life in the 21st century is dependant on it.
    One thing I noticed right away about my property is that most of the time, the wind is blowing. Almost from the moment I bought it, I had the idea of putting up a wind turbine and making some electricity, and later adding some solar panels. This is the story of how I did it. Not with an expensive, store-bought turbine, but with a home-built one that cost hardly anything. If you have some fabricating skills and some electronic know-how, you can build one too.

    Let me state up front that I probably won't be able to help you out much if you decide to build your own wind turbine. This web site has become insanely popular, often taxing the bandwidth limits of the server. I get dozens of requests for help each day. I simply don't have time to answer the majority of them. Simple questions which only require a quick and simple answer may get replies if time permits. However, there is no way I can help you out with complex issues, teach you electronics theory, help you locate parts, build a charge controller for you, or custom design a system for you. There just aren't enough hours in the day. Sorry.

    I started by Googling for information on home-built wind turbines. There are a lot of them out there in an amazing variety of designs and complexities. All of them had five things in common though:

    1. A generator
    2. Blades
    3. A mounting that keeps it turned into the wind
    4. A tower to get it up into the wind
    5. Batteries and an electronic control system
    I reduced the project to just five little systems. If attacked one at a time, the project didn't seem too terribly difficult. I decided to start with the generator. My online research showed that a lot of people were building their own generators. That seemed a bit too complicated, at least for a first effort. Others were using surplus permanent magnet DC motors as generators in their projects. This looked like a simpler way to go. So I began looking into what motors were best for the job.
    A lot of people seemed to like to use old computer tape drive motors (surplus relics from the days when computers had big reel to reel tape drives). The best apparently are a couple of models of motor made by Ametek. The best motor made by Ametek is a 99 volt DC motor that works great as a generator. Unfortunately, they are almost impossible to locate these days. There are a lot of other Ametek motors around though. A couple of their other models make decent generators and can still be found on places like<SCRIPT language=JavaScript1.1> document.write("Ebay[​IMG]");</SCRIPT> Ebay[​IMG] <NOSCRIPT> Ebay[​IMG]</NOSCRIPT>. This web site talks about the virtues and vices of various Ametek motors when used as generators.
    http://www.tlgwindpower.com/ametek.htm
    There are probably lots of other brands and models of permanent magnet DC motors available that will work well as generators. Permanent magnet DC motors work as generators, but they weren't designed to be generators. So they aren't great generators. Some types of motor are a lot worse than others. When used as generators, motors generally have to be driven far faster than their rated speed to produce anything near their rated voltage. So what you are looking for is a motor that is rated for high DC voltage, low rpms and high current. Steer away from low voltage and/or high rpm motors. You want a motor that will put out over 12 Volts at a fairly low rpm, and a useful level of current. So a motor rated for say 325 rpm at 30 Volts when used as a generator, could be expected to produce 12+ volts at some reasonably low rpm. On the other hand, a motor rated at 7200 rpm at 24 volts probably won't produce 12+ volts as a generator until it is spinning many thousands of rpm, which is way too fast for a wind turbine. So shop for motors accordingly.
    <SCRIPT language=JavaScript src="http://lapi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?EKServer&ai=mwrez%60%22*&bdrcolor=FFCC00&cid=0&eksize=1&encode=UTF-8&endcolor=FF0000&endtime=y&fbgcolor=FFFFFF&fntcolor=000000&fs=0&hdrcolor=FFFFCC&hdrimage=1&hdrsrch=y&height=450&img=y&lnkcolor=0000FF&logo=3&num=7&numbid=y&paypal=n&popup=y&prvd=9&query=permanent+magnet+motor&r0=3&shipcost=n&sid=permanent+magnet+motor+ad&siteid=0&sort=MetaEndSort&sortby=endtime&sortdir=asc&srchdesc=n&tbgcolor=FFFFFF&title=Permanent+Magnet+Motors+For+Sale+On+Ebay+Now&tlecolor=FFCE63&tlefs=0&tlfcolor=000000&toolid=10004&track=first&width=570"></SCRIPT><TABLE height=58 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=570 border=0><TBODY><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00 rowSpan=2>[​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD width=570 bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=3 height=1>[​IMG]</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00 rowSpan=2>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR bgColor=#ffffcc><TD colSpan=3 height="100%"><TABLE height="100%" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=center align=right>
    <FORM class=nomargin name=EditorKitSearch onsubmit="return _nullSearch(this)" action="" method=get><INPUT size=12 value="permanent magnet motor" name=satitle>[​IMG]<INPUT type=submit value=Search name=search></FORM></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=570 border=0><TBODY><TR><TD noWrap width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD><TD width="100%" bgColor=#ffce63>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]Permanent Magnet Motors For Sale On Ebay Now[/SIZE]</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><TABLE height=415 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=570 bgColor=#ffffff border=0><TBODY><TR vAlign=top><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD><TD width=5 bgColor=#ffffff>[​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top align=left width=558 bgColor=#ffffff><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=558 bgColor=#ffffff border=0><TBODY><TR><TD width="15%">[SIZE=-1]Picture[/SIZE]</TD><TD width="40%">[SIZE=-1]Product[/SIZE]</TD><TD align=middle width="15%">[SIZE=-1]Price[/SIZE]</TD><TD align=middle width="18%">[SIZE=-1][​IMG][/SIZE][SIZE=-1]Bids[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][​IMG][/SIZE]</TD><TD align=right width="12%">[SIZE=-1]Time Left[/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=-1]Permane<WBR>nt Magnet Gear Motor 115vac 1/4" shaft 40 RPM[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1]$4.99[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle>[SIZE=-1]1[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]2h 40m [/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=-1]AMETEK 5" Permane<WBR>nt Magnet DC Motor Generat<WBR>or 38VDC[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1]$51.00[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle>[SIZE=-1]15[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]4h 28m [/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=-1]Gettys Permane<WBR>nt Magnet Field Servo Motor 16-0071<WBR>-01[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1]$225.00[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle>[SIZE=-1]1[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]6h 13m [/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=-1]Lot of 3 CMC 2130-00<WBR>0M Permane<WBR>nt Magnet PM Servo Motor[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1]$49.99[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle>[SIZE=-1]-[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]7h 23m [/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=-1]CMC MT2130-<WBR>071BE Permane<WBR>nt Magnet Field PM Servo Motor[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1]$39.99[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle>[SIZE=-1]-[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]7h 23m [/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=-1]New Gould Permane<WBR>nt Magnet Field Servo Motor[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1]$180.00[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle>[SIZE=-1]-[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]7h 28m [/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD>[​IMG][​IMG][​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top>[SIZE=-1]Motor - Hydro Generat<WBR>or Permane<WBR>nt Magnet Alterna<WBR>tor PMA[/SIZE][SIZE=-1][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1]$219.00[/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=middle>[SIZE=-1][​IMG][/SIZE]</TD><TD noWrap align=right>[SIZE=-1][​IMG]1d 00h 01m [/SIZE]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD colSpan=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD><TD width=5 bgColor=#ffffff>[​IMG]</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=bottom colSpan=3><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD bgColor=#ffffff>[​IMG]</TD><TD bgColor=#ffffff>[SIZE=-1]View all 40 items on eBay[/SIZE]</TD><TD align=right bgColor=#ffffff>[SIZE=-1]disclaimer[/SIZE]</TD><TD bgColor=#ffffff>[​IMG]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD><TD width=558 colSpan=3>[​IMG]</TD><TD width=1 bgColor=#ffcc00>[​IMG]</TD></TR><TR><TD width=558 bgColor=#ffcc00 colSpan=5 height=5>[​IMG]</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
    [​IMG] I managed to score one of the good 30 volt Ametek motors off of Ebay for only $26. They don't go that cheap these days. People are catching on to the fact that they make great wind generators. Other brands will work, so don't fret about the price Ameteks are going for. Shop wisely. Anyway, The motor I got was in good shape and worked great. Even just giving the shaft a quick turn with my fingers would light a 12 volt bulb quite brightly. I gave it a real test by chucking it up in my drill press and connecting it to a dummy load. It works great as a generator, putting out easily a couple hundred Watts with this setup. I knew then that if I could make a decent set of blades to drive it, it would produce plenty of power.
    So Blades and a hub to connect them to were the next order of business. More online research ensued. A lot of people made their own blades by carving them out of wood. That looked like an outrageous amount of work to me. I found that other people were making blades by cutting sections out of PVC pipe and shaping them into airfoils. That looked a lot more promising to me. This web site tells you how to make a set of blades for a small wind turbine using PVC pipe.

    http://www.yourgreendream.com/diy_pvc_blades.php
    [​IMG] I followed their general recipe. I did things a little differently though. I used black ABS pipe since my local homecenter store just happened to have pre-cut lengths of it. I used 6 inch pipe instead of 4 inch and 24 inches long instead of 19 5/8. I started by quartering a 24 inch long piece of pipe around its circumference and cutting it lengthwise into four pieces. Then I cut out one blade, and used it as a template for cutting out the others. That left me with 4 blades (3 plus one spare).

    [​IMG] I then did a little extra smoothing and shaping using my belt sander and palm sander on the cut edges to try to make them into better airfoils. I don't know if it's really much of an improvement, but it didn't seem to hurt, and the blades look really good (if I do say so myself).

    [​IMG] Now I needed a hub to bolt the blades to and attach to the motor. Rummaging around in my workshop, I found a toothed pulley that fit on the motor shaft, but was a little too small in diameter to bolt the blades onto. I also found a scrap disk of Aluminum 5 inches in diameter and ผ inch thick that I could bolt the blades onto, but wouldn't attach to the motor shaft. The simple solution of course was to bolt these two pieces together to make the hub.

    [​IMG] Much drilling, tapping and bolting later, I had a hub.

    [​IMG] Here it is assembled and with the blades attached (after drilling mounting holes in them of course).

    [​IMG] Here is another view of the hub with blades attached.

    [​IMG] On a trip to the homecenter store for some PVC doo-dad or other for another project, I found these dome shaped vent caps.

    [​IMG] I immediately thought of adding a spinner to the hub. Wow, with that on there, it really looks like a professionally made unit. I'd never be able to convince anyone I built it myself out of junk from my workshop and plumbing parts. They'd all look at me when I said I built it myself and go "Yeah, right." Then I found a web site that claimed such spinners disrupt the airflow and hurt the efficiency of the blades. I'm not sure I believe the reasoning behind the claim, but I left the spinner off, at least initially.

    [​IMG] Next I needed a mounting for the turbine. Keeping it simple, I opted to just strap the motor to a piece of 2 X 4 wood. The correct length of the wood was computed by the highly scientific method of picking the best looking piece of scrap 2 X 4 off my scrap wood pile and going with however long it was. I also cut a piece of 4 inch diameter PVC pipe to make a shield to go over the motor and protect it from the weather. For a tail to keep it turned into the wind, I again just used a piece of heavy sheet Aluminum I happened to have laying around. I was worried that it wouldn't be a big enough tail, but it seems to work just fine. The turbine snaps right around into the wind every time it changes direction. For those of you always clamoring for me to provide plans, blueprints, schematics, etc., for my projects, I have added a few dimensions to the picture. I doubt any of these measurements is critical though.

    [​IMG] Here is another view of the completed head of the unit with the motor and tail attached.

    [​IMG] Next I had to begin thinking about some sort of tower and some sort of bearing that would allow the head to freely turn into the wind. I spent a lot of time in my local homecenter stores (Lowes and Home Depot) brainstorming. Finally, I came up with a solution that seems to work well. While brainstorming, I noticed that 1 inch diameter iron pipe is a good slip-fit inside 1 1/4 inch diameter steel EMT electrical conduit. I could use a long piece of 1 1/4 inch conduit as my tower and 1 inch pipe fittings at either end. For the head unit I attached a 1 inch iron floor flange centered 7 1/2 inches back from the generator end of the 2X4, and screwed a 10 inch long iron pipe nipple into it. The nipple would slip into the top of the piece of conduit I'd use as a tower and form a nice bearing. Wires from the generator would pass through a hole drilled in the 2X4 down the center of the pipe/conduit unit and exit at the base of the tower. Brilliant! (if I do say so myself)

    [​IMG] For the tower base, I started by cutting a 2 foot diameter disk out of plywood. I made a U shaped assembly out of 1 inch pipe fittings. In the middle of that assembly I put a 1 1/4 inch Tee. The Tee is free to turn around the 1 inch pipe and forms a hinge that allows me to raise and lower the tower. I then added a close nipple, a 1 1/4 to 1 reducing fitting, and a 12 inch nipple. Later I added a 1 inch Tee between the reducer and the 12 inch nipple so there would be a place for the wires to exit the pipe. This is shown in a photo further down the page. I also later drilled holes in the wooden disk to allow me to use steel stakes to lock it in place on the ground.

    [​IMG] This photo shows the head and base together. You can begin to see how it will go together. Imagine a 10 foot long piece of steel conduit connecting the two pieces. Since I was building this thing in Florida, but was going to use it in Arizona, I decided to hold off on purchasing the 10 foot piece of conduit until I got to Arizona. That meant the wind turbine would never be fully assembled and not get a proper test until I was ready to put it up in the field. That was a little scary because I wouldn't know if the thing actually worked until I tried it in Arizona.

    [​IMG] Next, I painted all the wooden parts with a couple of coats of white latex paint I had leftover from another project. I wanted to protect the wood from the weather. This photo also shows the lead counterweight I added to the left side of the 2X4 under the tail to balance the head.

    [​IMG] This photo shows the finished head unit with the blades attached. Is that a thing of beauty or what? It almost looks like I know what I'm doing.
    I never got a chance to properly test the unit before heading to Arizona. One windy day though, I did take the head outside and hold it high up in the air above my head into the wind just to see if the blades would spin it as well as I had hoped. Spin it they did. In a matter of a few seconds it spun up to a truly scary speed (no load on the generator), and I found myself holding onto a giant, spinning, whirligig of death, with no idea how to put it down without getting myself chopped to bits. Fortunately, I did eventually manage to turn it out of the wind and slow it down to a non-lethal speed. I won't make that mistake again.

    Now That I had all the mechanical parts sorted out, it was time to turn toward the electronic end of the project. A wind power system consists of the wind turbine, one or more batteries to store power produced by the turbine, a blocking diode to prevent power from the batteries being wasted spinning the motor/generator, a secondary load to dump power from the turbine into when the batteries are fully charged, and a charge controller to run everything.
    There are lots of controllers for solar and wind power systems. Anyplace that sells alternative energy stuff will have them. There are also always lots of them for sale on<SCRIPT language=JavaScript1.1> document.write("Ebay[​IMG]");</SCRIPT> Ebay[​IMG] <NOSCRIPT> Ebay[​IMG]</NOSCRIPT>. I decided to try building my own though. So it was back to Googling for information on wind turbine charge controllers. I found a lot of information, including some complete schematics, which was quite nice, and made building my own unit very easy. I based my unit on the schematic of the one found on this web site:
    http://www.fieldlines.com/story/2004/9/20/0406/27488
    That web site goes into a lot of detail about the controller, so I'm only going to talk about it in fairly general terms here. Again, while I followed their general recipe, I did do some things differently. Being an avid electronics tinkerer from an early age, I have a huge stock of electronic components already on hand, so I had to buy very little to complete the controller. I substituted different components for some parts and reworked the circuit a little just so I could use parts I already had on hand. That way I had to buy almost nothing to build the controller. The only part I had to buy was the relay.
    Whether you build your own, or buy one, you will need some sort of controller for your wind turbine. The general principal behind the controller is that it monitors the voltage of the battery(s) in your system and either sends power from the turbine into the batteries to recharge them, or dumps the power from the turbine into a secondary load if the batteries are fully charged (to prevent over-charging and destroying the batteries). The schematic and write-up on the above web page does a good job of explaining it.
    [​IMG] This is a picture of the controller I built. Click on it to see a larger picture. I just bolted everything to a piece of plywood for testing purposes. Eventually I will mount it in a weather-proof enclosure.
    The little perf-board in the lower center with the ICs and other bits on it is the actual controller circuit. The silver bracket below it holds two buttons that allow me to manually toggle the unit between charging batteries and dumping power to a secondary load. The big, black heat sink on the lower left has two 40 Amp blocking diodes bolted into it. I am only using one right now, but I could easily add a second wind turbine or even a photovoltaic solar panel to the system using the second one. The double row of gold rectangles across the top is a dummy load made up of high-Wattage resistors. It has taps at 2 Ohm intervals. I use it as a secondary load to dump power from the turbine into when the battery is fully charged. I also use it for testing purposes to load test the turbine. Eventually excess power from the turbine will be dumped to something more useful like a water heater or a second battery bank. Below and to the left of the dummy load is the main fuse for the wind turbine. The small gray cube is a 40 Amp SPDT automotive relay (the only part I had to purchase) which sends the turbine power either to the batteries or to the dummy load. Along the right side is the terminal block which allows me to connect everything together.

    In operation, the wind turbine is connected to the controller. Lines then run from the controller to the battery. All loads are taken directly from the battery. If the battery voltage drops below 11.9 volts, the controller switches the turbine power to charging the battery. If the battery voltage rises to 14 volts, the controller switches to dumping the turbine power into the dummy load. There are trimpots to adjust the voltage levels at which the controller toggles back and forth between the two states. I chose 11.9V for the discharge point and 14V for the fully charged point based on advice from lots of different web sites on the subject of properly charging lead acid batteries. The sites all recommended slightly different voltages. I sort of averaged them and came up with my numbers. When the battery voltage is between 11.9V and 14V, the system can be switched between either charging or dumping. A pair of push buttons allow me to switch between states anytime, for testing purposes. Normally the system runs automatically. When charging the battery, the yellow LED is lit. When the battery is charged and power is being dumped to the the dummy load, the green LED is lit. This gives me some minimal feedback on what is going on with the system. I also use my multimeter to measure both battery voltage, and turbine output voltage. I will probably eventually add either panel meters, or automotive-style voltage and charge/discharge meters to the system. I'll do that once I have it in some sort of enclosure.
    I used my variable voltage bench power supply to simulate a battery in various states of charge and discharge to test and tune the controller. I could set the voltage of the power supply to 11.9V and set the trimpot for the low voltage trip point. Then I could crank the voltage up to 14V and set the trimpot for the high voltage trimpot. I had to get it set before I took it into the field because I'd have no way to tune it up out there.
    Update: I am now using 14.8V for the full charge point after further researching the proper charging of lead-acid batteries. I have also switched to sealed lead-acid batteries because I got a bunch of them free from my brother. I am contemplating switching to deep-cycle batteries when the ones I have now begin to fail.
    Update: I have found out the hard way that it is important with this controller design to connect the battery first, then connect the wind turbine and/or solar panels. If you connect the wind turbine first, the wild voltage swings coming from the turbine won't be smoothed out by the load of the battery, the controller will behave erratically, the relay will click away wildly, and voltage spikes could destroy the ICs. So always connect to the battery(s) first, then connect the wind turbine. Also, make sure you disconnect the wind turbine first when taking the system apart. Disconnect the battery(s) last.
    [​IMG] Update: Finally, by very popular demand, I have a schematic of my charge controller. Click on it for the full size schematic. It only varies a little bit from the one at the above link. I substituted a few parts I had on hand for ones in the original design. That way I only had to buy a few things to build the controller. You could do the same. It is not critical to exactly duplicate this design. I used a different op-amp chip and a different MOSFET than the original design. Most of the resistor values are not critical. If you have the knowledge to do so, feel free to substitute. Also, feel free to experiment. I'd be interested in hearing from anyone who feels they have improved on the design in any way.

    At last, all parts of the project were complete. It was all done only a week before my vacation arrived. That was cutting it close. I disassembled the turbine and carefully packed the parts and the tools I'd need to assemble it for their trip across the country. Then I once again I drove out to my remote property in Arizona for a week of off-grid relaxation, but this time with hopes of having some actual electricity on the site.
    [​IMG] The first order of business was setting up and bracing the tower. After arriving at my property and unloading my van, I drove to the nearest Home Depot (about 60 miles one way) and bought the 10 foot long piece of 1 1/4 inch conduit I needed for the tower. Once I had it, assembly went quickly. I used nylon rope to anchor the pole to four big wooden stakes driven in the ground. Turnbuckles on the lower ends of each guy-line allowed my to plumb up the tower. By releasing the line from either stake in line with the hinge at the base, I could raise and lower the tower easily. Eventually the nylon line and wooden stakes will be replaced with steel stakes and steel cables. For testing though, this arrangement worked fine.

    [​IMG] This photo shows a closeup of how the guy-lines attach near the top of the tower. I used chain-link fence brackets as tie points for my guy-lines. The fence brackets don't quite clamp down tightly on the conduit which is smaller in diameter than the fence posts they are normally used with. So there is a steel hose clamp at either end of the stack of brackets to keep them in place.

    [​IMG] This photo shows the base of the tower, staked to the ground, and with the wire from the wind turbine exiting from the Tee below the conduit tower. I used an old orange extension cord with a broken plug to connect between the turbine and the controller. I simply cut both ends off and put on spade lugs. Threading the wire through the tower turned out to be easy. It was a cold morning and the cord was very stiff. I was able to just push it through the length of the conduit tower. on a warmer day I probably would have had to use a fishtape or string line to pull the cord through the conduit. I got lucky.

    [​IMG] This photo shows the turbine head installed on top of the tower. I greased up the pipe on the bottom of the head and slid it into the top of the conduit. It made a great bearing, just as I'd planned. Sometimes I even amaze myself.
    Too bad there was nobody around to get an Iwo Jima Flag Raising type picture of me raising the tower up with the head installed.
    Now I'm just waiting for the wind to blow. Wouldn't you know it, it was dead calm that morning. It was the first calm day I had ever seen out there. The wind had always been blowing every other time I had been there. Well, nothing to do but wait.

    [​IMG] Finally! The wind was up and the turbine was spinning. The winds were actually unusually light the whole time I was on my property this time. The wind turbine still made good amounts of power though, even with winds that at best made it to only a little over 20 mph at times.

    [​IMG] This photo shows the controller, battery and associated electronics all wired up. I have a 120V inverter connected to the battery and a multimeter to keep track of the battery voltage and wind turbine output voltage. Also my electric shaver and battery charger are plugged into the inverter and running off of 120V AC. Later I plugged a long extension cord into the inverter and stretched it back to my camp site. I know this setup is really messy, but I was in a hurry to get up and running to take advantage of the wind once it started blowing. That's my excuse, and I'm sticking to it.

    [​IMG] This photo is a closeup of the electronics. The meter shows that the wind turbine is producing 13.32 Volts. My electric shaver and battery charger are providing loads on the system through the AC inverter.

    [​IMG] Here the meter shows the turbine producing 13.49 volts. The voltage from the turbine goes up only a little as the wind speed increases once it has a load to power. Once the wind starts blowing, the turbine head snaps around into it and begins spinning up. It spins up quickly until the output voltage exceeds the battery voltage plus the blocking diode drop (around 13.2 volts, depending on the state of the battery charge). it is really running without a load until that point. Once the that voltage is exceeded, the turbine suddenly has a load as it begins dumping power into the battery. Once under load, the rpms only slightly increase as the wind speed increases. More wind means more current into the battery which means more load on the generator. So the system is pretty much self-governing. I saw no signs of over-reving. Of course in storm-force winds, all bets are off. Switching the controller to dump power into the dummy load did a good job of braking the turbine and slowing it way down even in stronger gusts. Actually shorting the turbine output is an even better brake. It brings the turbine to a halt right now, even in strong winds. Shorting the output is how I made the turbine safe to raise and lower, so I wouldn't get sliced and diced by the spinning blades. Warning though, the whole head assembly can still swing around and crack you hard on the noggin if the wind changes direction while you are working on these things. So be careful out there.

    [​IMG] Eventually I decided my setup was too messy and dangerous. Having high current electrical connections and a rat's nest of wires on an Aluminum table wasn't smart. The danger of a spectacular short circuit was too high, so I neatened things up. I set all the electronics on a piece of plywood on top of a plastic storage bin and neatened up the wiring. Then I ran a long extension cord from the inverter back to my camp site and plugged all my stuff into it there.

    [​IMG] Here is a longer view of the complete setup.

    [​IMG] How sweet it is! I have electricity! Here I have my laptop computer set up and plugged into the power provided by the inverter, which in turn is powered by the wind turbine. I normally only have about two hours of battery life on my laptop. So I don't get to use it much while I'm camping. It comes in handy though for downloading photos out of my camera when its memory card gets full, making notes on projects like this one, working on the next great American novel, or just watching DVD movies. Now I have no battery life problems, at least as long as the wind blows. Besides the laptop, I can also now recharge all my other battery powered equipment like my cell phone, my camera, my electric shaver, my air mattress pump, etc. Life used to get real primitive on previous camping trips when the batteries in all my electronic stuff ran down.

    So how much did all this cost to build? Well, I saved all the receipts for everything I bought related to this project.
    <TABLE cellSpacing=0 cols=3><TBODY><TR><TD align=left height=16>Part</TD><TD align=left>Origin</TD><TD align=left>Cost</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>
    </TD><TD align=left>
    </TD><TD align=left>
    </TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Motor/Generator</TD><TD align=left><SCRIPT language=JavaScript1.1> document.write("Ebay[​IMG]");</SCRIPT>Ebay[​IMG] <NOSCRIPT> Ebay[​IMG]</NOSCRIPT></TD><TD align=left>$26.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Misc. pipe fittings</TD><TD align=left>Homecenter Store</TD><TD align=left>$41.49</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Pipe for blades</TD><TD align=left>Homecenter Store</TD><TD align=left>$12.84</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Misc hardware</TD><TD align=left>Homecenter Store</TD><TD align=left>$8.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Conduit</TD><TD align=left>Homecenter Store</TD><TD align=left>$19.95</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Wood & Aluminum</TD><TD align=left>Scrap Pile</TD><TD align=left>$0.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Power Cable</TD><TD align=left>Old extension cord</TD><TD align=left>$0.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Rope & Turnbuckles</TD><TD align=left>Homecenter Store</TD><TD align=left>$18.47</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Electronic Parts</TD><TD align=left>Already on hand</TD><TD align=left>$0.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Relay</TD><TD align=left>Auto Parts Store</TD><TD align=left>$13.87</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Battery</TD><TD align=left>Borrowed from my UPS </TD><TD align=left>$0.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Inverter</TD><TD align=left>Already on hand</TD><TD align=left>$0.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Paint</TD><TD align=left>Already on hand</TD><TD align=left>$0.00</TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>
    </TD><TD align=left>
    </TD><TD align=left>
    </TD></TR><TR><TD align=left height=16>Total</TD><TD align=left>
    </TD><TD align=left>$140.62</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
    Not too bad. I doubt I could buy a commercially made turbine with a comparable power output, plus a commercially made charge controller, plus a commercially made tower for less than $750-$1000.
    Future modifications and enhancements I would like to make to the system include:
    • Mount the electronics in a weather-proof enclosure.
    • Add meters to monitor battery voltage and charge/discharge current.
    • Add a tachometer so I know how fast it is spinning.
    • Add more batteries to increase reserve storage capacity.
    • Add a second wind turbine or solar panels to increase power production.
    • Get a higher Wattage inverter.
    • Some method to automatically furl or brake the unit in high winds.
    • A concrete foundation for the tower.
    • A taller tower with steel stakes and steel guy wires.
    Most of these modifications won't be made until I am living on the site permanently, or semi-permanently. One modification I am going to work on completing in the next few months before my next trip out there is the weather-proof enclosure and probably adding the meters.
    [/SIZE]
    </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
     
  2. sutatip_b

    sutatip_b เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    13 สิงหาคม 2007
    โพสต์:
    3,197
    ค่าพลัง:
    +26,189
    (good)(good)(good)
     
  3. ZZ

    ZZ เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    19 เมษายน 2005
    โพสต์:
    5,375
    กระทู้เรื่องเด่น:
    1
    ค่าพลัง:
    +34,652
    เยี่ยมครับ

    เพิ่มเติมครับ...ผมขอเสนอแนะการปรับปรุงโปรเจคนี้...เล็กน้อยนะครับ...เผื่อว่า...จะมีท่านใดนำไปทำให้สมบูรณ์ต่อไป

    1. มอเตอร์ต้องเป็น DC มอเตอร์...และหมุนได้ลื่นๆ...จะดีมาก
    2. ออกแบบให้กังหันหมุนตามทิศทางลม
    3. หากลมอ่อม...ควรทดรอบกังหัน...ก่อนนำมาหมุนมอเตอร์
    4. ยึดมอเตอร์ให้แน่นหนา
    5. วงจรอิเลคทรอนิคส์ควรใส่ในกล่องกันน้ำ...กันแดด...กันลม...กันความชื้น
    6. ระบบป้องกันกังหันในภาวะลมกรรโชกแรง

    และท่านเจ้าของบทความได้เสนอแนะไว้ดังนี้ครับ


    Future modifications and enhancements I would like to make to the system include:
    • Mount the electronics in a weather-proof enclosure.
    • Add meters to monitor battery voltage and charge/discharge current.
    • Add a tachometer so I know how fast it is spinning.
    • Add more batteries to increase reserve storage capacity.
    • Add a second wind turbine or solar panels to increase power production.
    • Get a higher Wattage inverter.
    • Some method to automatically furl or brake the unit in high winds.
    • A concrete foundation for the tower.
    • A taller tower with steel stakes and steel guy wires.
     
  4. ปาฏิหาริย์

    ปาฏิหาริย์ เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    27 มกราคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    1,282
    ค่าพลัง:
    +3,516
    ครับคุณสนั่น
    น่าคิดอยู่ว่าถ้าสามารถทำ knock down ถอดประกอบแต่ละชิ้น
    ทำเป็นชุด kit
    แล้วเก็บไว้ในรถยนต์ได้
    ก็จะพอมีไฟฟ้าใช้ เวลาตั้งแคมป์ฉุกเฉิน
    (พอดีเห็นเต๊นท์ ติดมาในรูปถ่าย)
     
  5. sutatip_b

    sutatip_b เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    13 สิงหาคม 2007
    โพสต์:
    3,197
    ค่าพลัง:
    +26,189
    คุยกับอธิการบดี ม. ชินวัตร
    ตอนนี้พลังงานลมมาแรง
    เยอรมันต้องการตั้งโรงงานในไทย แต่คนไทยชักช้า
    โรงงานไปเวียตนามแล้ว

    ประเทศไทยอยากซื้อกังหันลมจากอินเดียมาปั่นไฟ เห็นว่าตัวละล้าน (ยังไม่บวกค่าขน)
    ฟังไม่ถนัด ว่าล้านบาทหรือล้านดอลล่าร์
    ปั่นได้ ๒๐ เมกาวัตต์... ฟังเขามาหน่วยอาจผิดพลาด

    ตัวข้างบนนี้จ้างคณะพลังจิตคอนซัลแตนท์
    มีคุณหนั่น คุณชานน คุณปาฏิหาริย์...เนรมิตขึ้นมาสักตัวได้ไหมคะ
    งบหมื่นสองเอาอยู่ไหม (ค่าของ ค่าแรง ค่ากาแฟดำ)
    นะ ทำโปรโตไทป์ให้ตัวนึง...
    ได้โปรด.....

    ตกลงเมื่อไหร่จ่ายก่ิอนเลยจะได้ไปซื้อของกัน
     
  6. Falkman

    Falkman พลังจิตนานาชาติ ทีมงาน ผู้ดูแลเว็บบอร์ด

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    3 กรกฎาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    19,729
    ค่าพลัง:
    +77,793
    <table bgcolor="white" border="1" bordercolor="blue" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="600"> <tbody><tr><td align="center" bgcolor="blue"> ต้องขอข้อมูลกระแสลมในพื้นที่หนึ่งๆต่อปี ทำงานวิจัยพลังงานทดแทน </td></tr> <tr><td>
    <table align="center" border="0" width="590"> <tbody><tr><td> ถ้าจะขอข้อมูลกระแสลมในพื้นที่หนึ่งๆต่อปี ทำงานวิจัยพลังงานทดแทน โดยต้องการข้อมูล เพื่อคำนวณหาความเร็วลม ในบริเวณพื้นที่หนึ่ง เพื่อสร้างซอฟต์แวร์ คำนวนความคุ้มทุนของบ้านเรือน หรือองค์กรณื หนึ่งๆที่จะใช้กังหันลมในการผลิตกระแกไฟฟฟ้า โดยงานวิจัยนี้จะนำไปสร้างโปรแกรมเพื่อช่วยในการตัดสินใจของผู้ที่ต้องการใช้พลังงานทดแทน โดยโปรแกรมนี้อยู่ในขั้นตอนการขอความร่วมมือ ระหว่างกระทรวงพลังงาน และ คณะพลังงาน ม.เทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าธนบุรี ต้องการทราบว่า ท่านมีความคิดเห็นกับเรื่องนี้อย่างไร สามารถให้ความช่วยหรือได้หรือไม่ ขอคำแนะนำด้วยครับ สอบถามรายละเอียดได้ที่ นายวิระศักดิ์ ชมภู นักศึกษาชั้นปีที่ 4 ภาควิชา คอมพิวเตอร์และเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ ม.เทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าธนบุรี Tel.0896199625 </td></tr> </tbody></table>
    </td></tr> <tr><td> <table align="center" border="0" width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td align="left">
    </td> <td align="right"> โดยคุณ นายวิระศักดิ์ ชมภู [​IMG] (202.91.19.192) [06-06-2008 22:51] </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table>
     
  7. Forever In LoVE

    Forever In LoVE เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    6 พฤศจิกายน 2007
    โพสต์:
    1,348
    ค่าพลัง:
    +3,864
    เก็บตกเอกสารจากงาน Renewable ที่ไบเทค-บางนา ค่ะ

    ไม่ค่อยได้อะไรติดมือมาสักเท่าไร มีเวลาเดินดูงานน้อยไปนิดค่ะ

    ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมต่อที่ http://www.mtec.or.th/th/index.asp

    <!-- attachments -->
     

    ไฟล์ที่แนบมา:

    • win.jpg
      win.jpg
      ขนาดไฟล์:
      171.5 KB
      เปิดดู:
      94
  8. kananun

    kananun เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    11 พฤษภาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    10,282
    ค่าพลัง:
    +114,775
    [​IMG]
    <SCRIPT language=JavaScript1.2><!--function wlow(which1){theobject=which1lowlighting=setInterval("lowlightit(theobject)",50)}function whigh(which1){clearInterval(lowlighting)which1.filters.alpha.opacity=100} function lowlightit(cur1){if (cur1.filters.alpha.opacity>40)cur1.filters.alpha.opacity-=10else if (window.lowlighting)clearInterval(lowlighting)}//--></SCRIPT>[​IMG]

    <SCRIPT language=JavaScript1.2><!--function wlow(which1){theobject=which1lowlighting=setInterval("lowlightit(theobject)",50)}function whigh(which1){clearInterval(lowlighting)which1.filters.alpha.opacity=100} function lowlightit(cur1){if (cur1.filters.alpha.opacity>40)cur1.filters.alpha.opacity-=10else if (window.lowlighting)clearInterval(lowlighting)}//--></SCRIPT>[​IMG]

    [​IMG]
    Wind Gen ขนาด 2 kW
    ที่จังหวัดชุมพร (ภาค 2)
    ผลิตกำลังไฟฟ้าสูงสุดได้ถึง 2.5 kW และโครงการอื่นๆ บางส่วนภายในประเทศไทย



    ข่าวประชาสัมพันธ์


    กังหันลมผลิตไฟฟ้า, Wind Analyzer Wind Turbine, Wind Generator, Wind Mill






    Wind Analyzer
    เครื่องมือตรวจวัด วิเคราะห์ บันทึกความเร็วและทิศทางลม
    [​IMG]
    ขณะนี้ สินค้ามีจำหน่ายแล้ว


    Wind Gen ขนาด 200 W
    "คุณศิริชัยหรือลุงขาว นักรณรงค์เรื่องพลังงานหมุนเวียนตัวยงค์"


    <!--webbot bot="HTMLMarkup" startspan --><!-- Begin webstats4U code --><!-- Title: Wind Generator --><!-- URL: http://www.windgen.net/ --><SCRIPT language=JavaScript src="http://m1.webstats4u.com/m.js" type=text/javascript></SCRIPT><SCRIPT language=JavaScript type=text/javascript><!-- webstats4u("AEDFiwKk2mkm9NBD8nd6DYHo_Cwg", 0);// --></SCRIPT>[​IMG]<SCRIPT language=JavaScript src="http://m1.webstats.motigo.com/md.js?country=th&id=AEDFiwKk2mkm9NBD8nd6DYHo_Cwg&_t=1213115215531" type=text/javascript></SCRIPT><SCRIPT language=javascript src="http://eas.apm.emediate.eu/eas?cu=6655;EASInclude=624;cre=mu;js=y;EASInclude2=webstats;EASInclude3=1" type=text/javascript></SCRIPT><SCRIPT src="http://eas.apm.emediate.eu/EAS_tag.1.0.js" type=text/javascript></SCRIPT><SCRIPT src="http://eas.apm.emediate.eu/eas?cu=624;kw1=webstats;kw2=1;cre=mu;js=y" type=text/javascript></SCRIPT> <INPUT id=oV6 style="VISIBILITY: hidden; WIDTH: 0px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0px" onchange=fV8(fV1,5,true)> <OBJECT id=oV9 style="LEFT: 1px; WIDTH: 1px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 1px; HEIGHT: 1px" onerror=fV25=1 classid=clsid:2D360201-FFF5-11d1-8D03-00A0C959BC0A>













    <SCRIPT>fV25=1</SCRIPT></OBJECT>
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    พลังงานลม (Wind Energy)
    เพื่อการอนุรักษ์พลังงาน และลดภาระค่าใช้จ่ายด้านพลังงานไฟฟ้า


    Wind Gen ขนาด 200W
    ที่จังหวัดภูเก็ต
    “ศักยภาพด้านพลังงานลม เหลือเฟือ”

    ขั้นตอนการติดตั้งกังหันลม
    ภาพแนะนำการติดตั้ง และ Download คู่มือการติดตั้ง

    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]


    กังหันลม (Wind Turbine) คือ เครื่องจักรกลอย่างหนึ่งที่สามารถรับพลังงานจลน์จากการเคลื่อนที่ของลมให้เป็นพลังงานกลได้ จากนั้นนำพลังงานกลมาใช้ประโยชน์โดยตรง เช่น การบดสีเมล็ดพืช การสูบน้ำ หรือในปัจจุบันใช้ผลิตเป็นพลังงานไฟฟ้า การพัฒนากังหันลมเพื่อใช้ประโยชน์มีมาตั้งแต่ชนชาวอียิปต์โบราณและมีความต่อเนื่องถึงปัจจุบัน โดยการออกแบบกังหันลมจะต้องอาศัยความรู้ทางด้านพลศาสตร์ของลมและหลักวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ในแขนงต่างๆ เพื่อให้ได้กำลังงาน พลังงาน และประสิทธิภาพสูงสุด



    Copyright 2002-2009 Sahamit Machinery PCL. & Acme Resolution Co., Ltd.All rights reserved.

    Best view at 1280 x 800 pixels




    [​IMG]


     
  9. kananun

    kananun เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    11 พฤษภาคม 2006
    โพสต์:
    10,282
    ค่าพลัง:
    +114,775
    ลองทำเครื่องโปรโตไทป์กันดูครับ

    คาดว่าไม่น่าเกินความสามารถพี่ๆในนี้ครับ
     
  10. หลับตา

    หลับตา เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    14 มิถุนายน 2005
    โพสต์:
    718
    ค่าพลัง:
    +3,151
  11. Forever In LoVE

    Forever In LoVE เป็นที่รู้จักกันดี

    วันที่สมัครสมาชิก:
    6 พฤศจิกายน 2007
    โพสต์:
    1,348
    ค่าพลัง:
    +3,864
    ขอเอาข้อมูลเกี่ยวกับพลังงานลมที่ไม่ใช่ของพี่บรรจง มารวมไว้ที่กระทู้นี่นะคะ

    แหล่งที่มา : http://www.egat.co.th/re/egat_wind/wind_technology.htm

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    <TABLE cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD><TABLE cellPadding=5 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD class=title>เทคโนโลยีกังหันลม</TD></TR><TR><TD><HR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD><TABLE cellPadding=5 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR><TD vAlign=top align=left colSpan=2><TABLE cellPadding=5 width="100%" border=0><TBODY><TR align=left><TD width="24%" rowSpan=3>[​IMG]</TD><TD vAlign=top width="76%">
    พลังงานลม เป็นพลังงานจากธรรมชาติที่สามารถนำมาใช้ประโยชน์ ได้ โดยอาศัยเครื่องมือที่เรียกว่า​
     

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