ภัยหนาว cold wave หิมะตก Ice age

อังกฤษหนาวจัด บางพื้นที่อุณหภูมิ -13C แล้ว

Snow to return as freezing temperatures split Britain

Andrew Hough, and David Millward
The Telegraph
Tue, 07 Feb 2012 16:10 CST


© Reuters
Forecasters warned that travelling conditions would remain "difficult" across much of Britain as many parts still recover from the weekend's snowfalls.



Snow is set to return to much of southern Britain by Thursday as the country battles with freezing weather and transport chaos.

On Thursday much of the south, including Heathrow airport, which was ground to a halt at the weekend, will be hit by a mixture of potentially treacherous snow, sleet and rain.

Temperatures throughout southern areas expected to remain close to freezing. The north will remain significantly warmer with temperatures as high as 8C.

The Met Office said overnight temperatures in some areas could fall to as low as -13C. It remains unclear how much snow will fall, as an Atlantic weather system pushes across the country from the west.

The lowest overnight temperature on Monday was -9.7°C in Aboyne, Aberdeenshire.

Forecasters warned travelling conditions would remain "difficult" across much of Britain as many parts still recover from the weekend's snowfalls.

"Ice will continue to be a problem overnight in parts where there has been snowfall," said Helen Chivers, a Met Office forecaster. "On Thursday and Friday much of the country will experience a mixture of rain, sleet and snow."

It comes as forecasters reported that Heathrow airport is set for a light dusting of snow, with no more than half an inch predicted.

Other forecasters suggested that some light snow could also fall on Friday, which could create problems for departures that evening.

With temperatures likely to hover around freezing for much of the week, airports will also have to allow extra time to de-ice aircraft.

This alone can add around 30 minutes to the time needed to prepare a plane for departure, which in turn will present a fresh challenge for the airport on one of the busiest weekends of the year with 90,000 passengers expected to fly away on Saturday.

Other airports further north, such as East Midlands, Birmingham and Manchester may see around just under and inch with Leeds, Manchester and Edinburgh facing the prospect of slightly more.

While Heathrow said it was confident that it will be able to cope with the next batch of snow, its performance over the weekend which saw half the flights cancelled as a result of three inches of snow falling triggered fears of a tricky weekend.

Given that Heathrow is effectively full, operating at more than 99 per cent capacity, any weather disruption poses at the very least a threat of significant delays.

Heathrow, which is owned by Spanish owned Ferrovial, will be watching the weather forecast closely. Should the weather forecast worsen, Heathrow will have to decide whether to implement its "snow timetable".

This would entail cancelling a percentage of flights to give the airport breathing space to enable it to contain the disruption to as short a time as possible.

Last weekend, Heathrow scrapped 30 per cent of services before a snowflake fell. A further per cent of flights were cancelled on the day, as fog settled on the airport as well.

"We are watching the weather closely," a Heathrow spokesman said. "We are working with our forecast providers to get an accurate picture as possible over this week over how much snow, if any, we should expect.

"Passengers should check their flight status with their airline before travelling to the airport."

A Met Office spokesman said: "Heathrow could see some slight flurries, if it does fall it is likely we would settle. But there is little chance that it will be enough to cause major disruption."

Meanwhile the Weather Channel was more pessimistic, predicting light snow over Heathrow on Friday and further showers on Saturday.

 

ตึกแถวจีนทางเหนือในมองโกเลียเกาะไปด้วยน้ำแข็ง อุณหภูมิ -50.7C เมื่อวันศุกร์

Cold Spell Affects 40,000 in North China


Xinhuanet
Tue, 07 Feb 2012 14:56 CST


© Asianewsphoto
A resident watches ice cascade outside a building in North China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region. Temperatures plummeted to minus 50.7 Celsius after a cold front hit the city last Friday.



A month-long cold front has persisted in north China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region and caused havoc for more than 40,000 people, said local authorities Tuesday.

Over 1,600 heads of livestock were killed and cracks appeared on walls in over 8,000 homes due to the freezing weather in the city of Hulunbuir, located in the region's northeast, according to a spokesman with the regional civil affairs department.

The extreme weather has inflicted direct economic losses and apartment renovation costs of 13 million yuan (2.1 million U.S. dollars), said the spokesman, adding that no casualties have been reported.

The cold front began to plague Hulunbuir in late December last year and has tightened its grip on the area since the Chinese Lunar New Year holiday in late January.

Chenbaerhu Banner, administered by Hulunbuir, registered the lowest temperature to date this winter in Inner Mongolia, 51.9 minus degrees Celsius, said the spokesman.

In addition, five banners and cities administered by Hulunbuir have seen their new record low temperatures during the past month and a half, compared with the same period of previous years, he said.

The regional weather authorities have forecast the region will soon experience a new temperature drop of eight to 10 degrees Celsius.

Nationwide, a cold front has swept across the country since Sunday, and the cold weather is expected to persist in the country's central and eastern areas, according to a statement from the National Meteorological Center.

By Tuesday, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance had jointly distributed 6.3 billion yuan in winter relief funds to provide food and clothing for people in weather-stricken areas.

 

Situation Update No. 9
Posted:2012-01-31, 18:11:00 [UTC]
Ref.no.: CW-20120131-33993-UKR

Situation Update No. 9
On 2012-02-08 at 09:43:48 [UTC]

Event: Cold Wave
Location: Ukraine Statewide

Number of Deads: 122 person(s)
Number of Injured: 3591 person(s)

Situation:Decades-record colds that are freezing out Europe have brought far more serious consequences to Ukraine, where the harshest winter in recent history has claimed lives of 122 people, who died of hypothermia in the last fortnight alone. ­The strong Arctic cyclone hit many countries on the European continent, reaching as far as Italy. But Ukraine has become the hardest-hit country, with temperatures falling as low as -36 Celsius. Overall casualties here exceeded Ukraine’s only in the rest of Europe combined. While for most European countries the recent severe weather conditions mean increased gas and electricity consumption, along with some transport disruption at worst, reports from Ukraine paint an apocalyptic picture of people freezing to death in dozens on the streets and private houses. Of more than 2,000 that have sought medical attention, 1,591 have been hospitalized. For the first time in decades, water in the Black Sea near shores has frozen, the Kerch Strait that links the Azov Sea and the Black Sea is closed to navigation, blocking 125 vessels at anchorage.

Record colds and strong winds on the Crimean Peninsula have led to electric line breaks in 77 communities. Currently about 70,000 people in the Crimea are surviving in blackout. Many schools, kindergartens and public offices are not operational. When the thermometer hit -27 degrees Celsius in Ukraine’s capital Kiev last week, only public heating centers in a Kiev’s parks saved the homeless from freezing to death. “The situation is serious, but it is controllable. The emergencies ministry has set up 3,200 heating centers nationwide. It's mostly the homeless and pensioners come there. In 10 days, more than 95,000 people turned up and they all received help,” shared Aleksandr Khorunzhiy, the spokesperson of Ministry for Emergencies. But there were many Ukrainians who were not so lucky. The sharply increased flow of cold casualties and hospitalized frostbitten have put authorities on high alert, upgrading the weather conditions to “natural disaster” status. Experts say the reason for so many deaths lies not in the climate, but rather in Kiev’s social and economic policies, with more and more homeless on the streets. The majority of the deaths were in eastern Ukraine, the region with the highest unemployment rate.

“The government hasn’t created any jobs, has no social programs, and doesn’t replenish the state budget. More and more people are finding themselves on the streets. That’s why there as so many dead because of the freeze. Heating centers help and will save some people’s lives, but they won't solve the issue of deepening poverty,” political analyst Sergey Taran says. Meteorologists are expecting temperatures to drop again to -30 Celsius over the coming weekend. The already serious situation may become even more difficult, with at least 85,000 homeless people roaming the streets of Ukraine’s cities in search of survival.

 

น้ำแข็งที่ภูเขาหิมาลัยใกล้ยอดเขาละลายไปจนไม่เหลือน้ำแข็งในรอบ 10 ปี

The Himalayas and Nearby Peaks Have Lost No Ice in Past 10 Years, Study Shows

Damian Carrington
The Guardian, UK
Wed, 08 Feb 2012 12:10 CST


Meltwater from Asia's peaks is much less then previously estimated, but lead scientist says the loss of ice caps and glaciers around the world remains a serious concern
© Paula Bronstein/Getty Images
Hopar glacier in Pakistan. Melting ice outside the two largest caps - Greenland and Antarctica - is much less then previously estimated, the study has found.


The world's greatest snow-capped peaks, which run in a chain from the Himalayas to Tian Shan on the border of China and Kyrgyzstan, have lost no ice over the last decade, new research shows.

The discovery has stunned scientists, who had believed that around 50bn tonnes of meltwater were being shed each year and not being replaced by new snowfall.

The study is the first to survey all the world's icecaps and glaciers and was made possible by the use of satellite data. Overall, the contribution of melting ice outside the two largest caps - Greenland and Antarctica - is much less then previously estimated, with the lack of ice loss in the Himalayas and the other high peaks of Asia responsible for most of the discrepancy.

Bristol University glaciologist Prof Jonathan Bamber, who was not part of the research team, said: "The very unexpected result was the negligible mass loss from high mountain Asia, which is not significantly different from zero."

The melting of Himalayan glaciers caused controversy in 2009 when a report from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mistakenly stated that they would disappear by 2035, instead of 2350. However, the scientist who led the new work is clear that while greater uncertainty has been discovered in Asia's highest mountains, the melting of ice caps and glaciers around the world remains a serious concern.

"Our results and those of everyone else show we are losing a huge amount of water into the oceans every year," said Prof John Wahr of the University of Colorado. "People should be just as worried about the melting of the world's ice as they were before."

His team's study, published in the journal Nature, concludes that between 443-629bn tonnes of meltwater overall are added to the world's oceans each year. This is raising sea level by about 1.5mm a year, the team reports, in addition to the 2mm a year caused by expansion of the warming ocean.

The scientists are careful to point out that lower-altitude glaciers in the Asian mountain ranges - sometimes dubbed the "third pole" - are definitely melting. Satellite images and reports confirm this. But over the study period from 2003-10 enough ice was added to the peaks to compensate.

The impact on predictions for future sea level rise is yet to be fully studied but Bamber said: "The projections for sea level rise by 2100 will not change by much, say 5cm or so, so we are talking about a very small modification." Existing estimates range from 30cm to 1m.

Wahr warned that while crucial to a better understanding of ice melting, the eight years of data is a relatively short time period and that variable monsoons mean year-to-year changes in ice mass of hundreds of billions of tonnes. "It is awfully dangerous to take an eight-year record and predict even the next eight years, let alone the next century," he said.

The reason for the radical reappraisal of ice melting in Asia is the different ways in which the current and previous studies were conducted. Until now, estimates of meltwater loss for all the world's 200,000 glaciers were based on extrapolations of data from a few hundred monitored on the ground. Those glaciers at lower altitudes are much easier for scientists to get to and so were more frequently included, but they were also more prone to melting.

The bias was particularly strong in Asia, said Wahr: "There extrapolation is really tough as only a handful of lower-altitude glaciers are monitored and there are thousands there very high up."

The new study used a pair of satellites, called Grace, which measure tiny changes in the Earth's gravitational pull. When ice is lost, the gravitational pull weakens and is detected by the orbiting spacecraft. "They fly at 500km, so they see everything," said Wahr, including the hard-to-reach, high-altitude glaciers.

"I believe this data is the most reliable estimate of global glacier mass balance that has been produced to date," said Bamber. He noted that 1.4 billion people depend on the rivers that flow from the Himalayas and Tibetan plateau: "That is a compelling reason to try to understand what is happening there better."

He added: "The new data does not mean that concerns about climate change are overblown in any way. It means there is a much larger uncertainty in high mountain Asia than we thought. Taken globally all the observations of the Earth's ice - permafrost, Arctic sea ice, snow cover and glaciers - are going in the same direction."

Grace launched in 2002 and continues to monitor the planet, but it has passed its expected mission span and its batteries are beginning to weaken. A replacement mission has been approved by the US and German space agencies and could launch in 2016.

 

ยุโรปหนาวจัด ตายไปแล้ว 460

Europe's Danube Freezes Over, Cold Snap Toll at 460

Katarina Subasic
Agency France Presse
Thu, 09 Feb 2012 19:51 CST



© Agency France Presse, Vano Shlamov
A man shovels snow near the giant icicles on a rock in central Tbilisi


Belgrade - Thick ice closed vast swathes of the Danube on Thursday, crippling shipping on Europe's busiest waterway, as the death toll from bitter cold across the continent rose to at least 460.

As it has every day for nearly two weeks, the brutal cold claimed lives in several countries and killed dozens more in weather-related accidents.

The 2,860-kilometre (1,780-mile) Danube, which flows through 10 countries and is vital for transport, power, irrigation, industry and fishing, was wholly or partially blocked from Austria to its mouth on the Black Sea.

Navigation was impossible or restricted in Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and Austria, as ice covered the river or formed dangerous floes in shipping lanes.

An official from the Serbian economy ministry said the commercial repercussions "could be very bad", while infrastructure ministry official Pavle Galico said shipping would not resume for 10 days.

Bulgarian authorities, who have banned all navigation on the river, reported 224 vessels stuck in ports, and Ukrainian rescuers in Croatia reached three crew members on a ship trapped in the ice since Friday.

บัลกาเรีย สร้างสถิติหนาวจัดใหม่อยู่ที่ -28.6 C

Temperatures in Bulgaria dropped to a new record low Thursday of minus 28.6 degrees Celsius (minus 19.5 Fahrenheit) in the northwestern town of Vidin. The country has halted all power exports due to the cold snap.

So far, 28 people have been killed in Bulgaria as a result of the weather, including eight who drowned when the icy waters of a small dam swept through their village of Biser in the southeast.

Serbian railways, meanwhile, said the famed Balkan Express train that runs from Belgrade to Istanbul would only go as far as Sofia for now because of the flooding in Bulgaria.

ในเช็ครีพับบลิค คนไม่มีบ้านอยู่ก็ตายไปเยอะ และพยากรณ์อากาศบอกว่า อุณหภูมิอาจลดลงถึง -40 C ในภูเขา และ -25 C ในกรุง Prague.
In the Czech Republic, another homeless man froze to death in Kolin, bringing the country's toll to 25, and forecasters said temperatures could plunge to minus 40 Celsius in the mountains and minus 25 Celsius in Prague on Saturday night.

Another blast of freezing weather was also predicted for Italy, even as soldiers worked to free villages trapped in three metres of snow and with the death toll from the cold snap already at 43.

Forecasts said freezing winds would pick up later Thursday and bring more snow on Friday and Saturday to Rome, just recovering from its biggest snowfall in decades.

The Croatian city of Split has seen a spike in bone fractures in recent days as hundreds of people have slipped on icy roads.

The city's mayor blamed high taxes on footwear for preventing residents of the coastal town from buying proper winter boots.

The claim was met with outrage by many inhabitants of Split, where the city's hospital ran through a two-year supply of plaster in five days. They said the city had reacted inadequately to the cold snap.

Electricity consumption was peaking in Serbia and state-run power utility EPS imposed a limit on supply to some large firms, warning that households and companies could face power rationing if consumption is not reined in.

Germany was forced Wednesday to draw on its reserves for producing electricity for the second time this winter.

More than 2,000 roads were blocked in Turkey by heavy snows and frigid temperatures stretched as far south as north Africa.

In Ukraine, worst hit by the big freeze, ice over the Kerch Strait linking the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea has trapped 126 boats, 120 of them foreign, the emergencies ministry said.

ในยูเครนไปกันใหญ่หนาวจัด อาจจะอุณหภูมิลดลงเหลือ -30C ในสุดสัปดาห์

Forecasters also said temperatures were expected to plunge further at the weekend, to as low as minus 30 Celsius in some regions.

While many in Europe were fed up with the bitter cold, residents in the Netherlands were disappointed with a slight warming in that country that resulted in a legendary ice-skating race along canals being cancelled.

The race has not been run since 1997.

In France, police said the body of an 83-year-old man was found near a forest in the northwestern town of Fougeres. It was at least the seventh death in the country believed to have been caused by the cold snap.

The freezing weather continued in France on Thursday, with 52 of the country's 101 regions on alert for deep cold or snow.

Authorities have warned of possible power cuts after electricity use hit a record of more than 100,000 megawatts at peak evening times on Wednesday.

 

อาฟกานิสถาน หิมะตกหนักสุดในรอบ 15 ปี

Afghanistan Hit with Heaviest Snows in 15 Years


The Frontier Post
Thu, 09 Feb 2012 00:16 CST


© n/a

More than 20 children have recently died due to the cold weather in Kabul which the Afghan capital has been experiencing its worst cold-snap and heaviest snows in at least 15 years, the National Weather Center said Wednesday. According to an Afghan based TV channel, some of the internally displaced people of the country warn that cold weather may claim more lives. Lack of food and firewood is said to be their main problems in the winter.

This year's severe cold weather has raised concerns among the Afghan population, especially the displaced families. "In this winter, eight children, three old men and women have so far lost their lives," one of the displaced people said. "We cannot pass the winter by burning plastic, paper and pieces of clothes. We really need help.""Living under these tents is very difficult," said another displaced person. "Life is difficult when you don't have anything to eat or burn."The families living under the tents in Kabul are badly in need of help and most of them may perish if not helped."We ask everyone to help these needy families, they can help one family and protect them from cold weather," Head of the Afghan Red Crescent, Fatima Gilani said.

The Afghan Ministry of Refugees and Returnees rejects reports about the death of 20 children due to severe cold in Kabul, a spokesman for the Ministry, Salamuddin Jurat said on Tuesday.The refugees living under the tents have not faced any kinds of losses so far, he added. "The reports are baseless and untrue," the spokesman said.Meanwhile, the Afghan Ministry of Public Health confirms the deaths due to the severe cold in Kabul."Because the cold weather was unprecedented and they were living under the tents, they died before arriving to our health facility during last month," Spokesman for the Ministry of Public Health, Ghulam Sakhi Kargar told the channel.

There are currently more than 30,000 poor families living under tents in Kabul. There reports of high level of maternity deaths in these camps with 144 out of 1,000 children under five years of age.This comes as the recent avalanches in Badakhshan province claimed lives of more than 40 people.Several houses have reportedly been destroyed in these avalanches. Several routes in Badakhshan, Ghor and Daikundi provinces have been closed due to heavy snow falls.

 

Believe it or not, the sky is falling: "A significant measure of negative feedback to global warming"

Dr. Pat Michaels
World Climate Report
Wed, 08 Feb 2012 10:31 CST



A new paper just published in Geophysical Research Letters by Roger Davies and Mathew Molloy of the University of Auckland finds that over the past decade the global average effective cloud height has declined and that "If sustained, such a decrease would indicate a significant measure of negative cloud feedback to global warming."

Davies and Molloy are quick to point out that part of the decline from 2000 to 2010 in cloud height is due to the timing and variability of El Niño/La Niña events over the same period, however, there still seems to be evidence that at least part of the decline may remain even when El Niño/La Niña variability is accounted for.

Figure 1 (below) shows the history of the effective cloud height, as determined by Davies and Molloy from satellite observations, from March 2000 through February 2010.


© Davies and Molloy, 2012
Figure 1. Deseasonalized anomalies of global effective cloud-top height from the 10-year mean. Solid line: 12-month running mean of 10-day anomalies. Dotted line: linear regression. Gray error bars indicate the sampling error (±8 m) in the annual average


The dotted line is the linear trend through the data as determined by Davies and Molloy and has a value of -44 meters per decade (+/- 22m). However, clearly the trend is influenced by the large negative departure centered around the beginning of 2008 that was related to a moderate La Niña event in the Pacific Ocean. To avoid the influence of the this event, Davies and Molloy calculate the difference between the cloud heights during the first and last years of their record and still find a decline of 31 m/dec (+/- 11m). Although this latter technique doesn't fully account for the El Niño/La Niña signal in the record, it does at least give some indication of the influence of the large negative departures in the latter half of the record, and indicates that the overall decline is not simply an artifact of a single event.

The average global cloud height is linked to the average global temperature - generally, the higher the average cloud height, the higher the average surface temperature, and vice versa. The tie-in is related to the height in the atmosphere from which clouds radiate long-wave radiation to space. The higher up they are, the cooler they are, and thus the less radiation they lose to space, which means the surface stays warmer.

Davies and Molloy calculate that on a decadal basis, the radiative forcing from increasing greenhouse gases is the same as that caused by either a decrease in the total global cloud amount of ~0.3% (which would allow more short wave radiation from the sun to hit the earth's surface) or an increase in the global average cloud height of ~19 meters (about 62 feet). All to say, that clouds play a major role in the earth's climate and that small changes in cloud characteristics can add to (via positive feedbacks) or offset (via negative feedbacks) the warming pressure put on the climate from increasing greenhouse gases. A point well-recognized by Davies and Molloy when they write "Changes in cloud properties in response to rising surface temperatures represent some of the strongest, yet least understood, feedback processes in the climate system. "

Davies and Molloy hoped to better our understanding of cloud behavior by quantifying changes in cloud heights as determined from data obtained from the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) carried aboard the Terra satellite. The MISR data provides stereo imaging that can be used to determine the heights of clouds. The MISR data is not perfect, as it misses very thin clouds (like high level cirrus) and very homogeneous clouds (like some cirrus from thunderstorm anvils), but perhaps its biggest shortcoming is that the period of available data is still pretty short (i.e., only begins February 2000). Nevertheless, an investigation of what data is available from the MISR instrument can provide some insight as to the variability of cloud heights and their relationship to the earth's climate.

Which was the main purpose of the work of Davies and Molloy.

In full recognition of the limitations of the data, here is how Davies and Molloy conclude their paper, in their own words:

Finally, we note that the climate data record of [effective cloud height] anomalies may ultimately indicate a measure of long-term cloud feedback that may be quite separate from the correlations discussed above [i.e., correlations with El Niña/La Niña]. Ten years is unfortunately too short a span for any definitive conclusion, as the linear trend in global cloud height of -44 +/- 22 m over the last decade is partly influenced by the La Niña event, and may prove ephemeral. The difference between the first and last year of the decade, not directly affected by the La Niña event, is -31 +/- 11 m. If sustained, such a decrease would indicate a significant measure of negative cloud feedback to global warming, as lower cloud heights reduce the effective altitude of emission of radiation to space with a corresponding cooling effect on equilibrium surface temperature. Given the precision of the MISR measurements, we look forward to the extension of this climate data record with great interest. ​

According to the calculations of Davies and Molloy, the negative climate forcing from a decrease in the average global cloud amount during the past 10 years has more than offset the positive forcing from an increase in greenhouse gases from human activities. It is little wonder that the rate of global temperature rise during this period has been so paltry!

Davies and Molloy write that they "look forward to the extension of this climate data record with great interest." We want to be the first to second that sentiment.

Reference:

Davies, R., and M. Molloy, 2012. Global cloud height fluctuations measured by MISR on Terra from 2000 to 2010. Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L03701, doi:10.1029/2011GL050506.

Comment: SOTT.net has been pointing out for years that the colder upper atmosphere is lower than it used to be and that this is the reason for the increase in contrails. This also compresses the troposphere which may or may not be being used to spray populations with pathogens. But the fact that the atmosphere is changing is very, very serious. Come to think of, anybody who is a habitual sky watcher and paying close attention to cloud formations can see it!

So, now somebody is confirming it. From the above article,

The average global cloud height is linked to the average global temperature - generally, the higher the average cloud height, the higher the average surface temperature, and vice versa. ​

All the time the global warmists been going on about "global warming", the clouds have been lower. Yeah, the PLANET IS WARMING, but the upper atmosphere is cooling and the very cold upper atmosphere is dropping lower. That means lots of evaporation that hits cold atmosphere will bring lots of rains/floods and snow.

SOTT.net ได้ชี้ให้เห็นว่าหลายปีนี้ บรรยากาศข้างบน upper atmosphere ได้ลำต่ำมากว่าที่เคยเป็น และนี่ก็เป็นเหตุผลที่เกิด contrail (คล้ายๆ เมฆเวลาเครื่องบินบินผ่าน แล้วเป็นทางๆ) และนี่ก็จะบีบอัด troposphere ที่อาจจะหรืออาจจะไม่ที่ใช้ในการพ่นประชาชนด้วยเชื้อโรค แต่ความจริง บรรยากาศโลกได้เปลี่ยนแปลงไปมาก ซีเรียสมากๆ ถ้าลองมาคิดว่าใครที่เฝ้ามองท้องฟ้าและตั้งใจดูรูปแบบของเมฆ จะสามารถมองเห็นได้

ดังนั้น ตอนนี้มีบางคนที่ยืนยันเกี่ยวกับบทความข้างต้น

ความสูงของเมฆโดยเฉลี่ยจะสัมพันธ์กับอุณหภูมิเฉลี่ยโลก โดยปกติความสูงของเมฆที่สูงขึ้น อุณหภูมิเฉลี่ยของพื้นผิวที่สูงขึ้น หรือในทางใดทางหนึ่ง

ตลอดเวลาที่นักโลกร้อนจะพูดแต่ "global warming", กลุ่มเมฆได้เคลื่อนตัวต่ำลง เย...โลกเราร้อนขึ้น แต่ บนบรรยากาศด้านบ้านได้เย็นขึ้นและบรรยากาศเย็นๆ เหล่านี้ได้เคลื่อนตัวต่ำลง หมายความว่า จะมีการระเหย ที่มากระทบกับบรรยากาศเย็นๆ และจะทำให้เกิดฝนตก/น้ำท่วม และ หิมะ

 

Snow blocks in tens of thousands as cold death toll rises

• 
• Enlarge PhotoA man walks between cars covered with snow in Podgorica. (AFP Photo/Savo Prelevi …
• Enlarge PhotoA Bosnian Armed Forces' MI-8 helicopter takes off for an aid flight, in Sarajevo. …

Snow drifts reaching up to rooftops kept tens of thousands of villagers prisoners in their own homes Saturday as the death toll from Europe's big freeze rose past 550.
More heavy snow fell on the Balkans and in Italy, while the Danube river, already closed to shipping for hundreds of kilometres (miles) because of thick ice, froze over in Bulgaria for the first time in 27 years.
Montenegro's capital of Podgorica was brought to a standstill by snow 50 centimetres (20 inches) deep, a 50-year record, closing the city's airport and halting rail services to Serbia because of an avalanche.
Eight more people were reported to have died in Romania, taking the toll for the country to 65, three in Serbia, one in the Czech Republic and one in Austria.
Polish fire brigade spokesman Pawel Fratcak said Saturday that defective heating had triggered a spate of deadly blazes in houses and apartments, with eight people killed on Friday night and three the night before.
New Romanian Prime Minister Mihai Razvan Ungureanu and his defence and interior ministers, who were sworn in only on Thursday, flew by helicopter to the eastern Buzau region, one of the worst hit, on Saturday.
He called on the authorities to work hard to beat the challenges facing them, as food threatened to run out in some villages in spite of air drops.
At Carligul Mic firemen and volunteers helped people dig tunnels and trenches in the snow reaching to the house roofs in some places.
"I've never seen as much snow in my whole life," resident Aneta Dumitrache, 78, told an AFP photographer.
Authorities said an estimated 30,000 people were still cut off in Romania, and more than 110,000 in the Balkan countries, including 60,000 in Montenegro, nearly 10 percent of the population.
Belgrade has taken steps to limit electricity consumption in the face of threatened shortages, calling on companies to reduce their activities to a minimum.
With Wednesday and Thursday already public holidays for Serbia's national day, the government has also declared Friday a non-working day to extend into next weekend.
In neighbouring Kosovo, an avalanche killed at least people in a southern mountain village and left nine others trapped in several houses under 10 metres of snow.
A helicopter from the NATO-led peacekeeping force was dispatched to help with the rescue effort but could not land due to thick fog.
Forecasters expect the cold snap, which started two weeks ago, to continue until mid-February.
In Italy Rome was again blanketed by snow for the second time in a week, but authorities seemed to have learned from their previous experience, when the capital was brought to a halt.
Public transport functioned almost normally, thanks to 700 snowploughs and gritters mobilised, but other parts of the country, especially the south where snow is extremely rare, were having difficulties.
In the Calabria region, Campana's mayor Pasquale Manfredi, where many villages were cut off, likened the weather to "an earthquake without the shaking."
Meteorologists in Belgium said the country had recorded its longest cold snap in 70 years, with temperatures in Brussels' suburbs remaining below zero for 13 consecutive days.
On the French Mediterranean island of Corsica snow was up to one metre thick in the higher villages and all flights were cancelled from Bastia airport.
Many people are determined to enjoy the icy conditions to their utmost, however.
Thousands have taken to frozen lakes and rivers, including the Aussenalster lake at Hamburg in northern Germany, iced over for the first time in 15 years, which is mounting a huge festival expected to attract one million people over the weekend.
In Poland ice yachting or ice-surfing, on a surfboard equipped with skates, are the rage, while in the Czech Republic tourists have flocked to the village of Kvilda, reckoned to be one of the coldest in the country, for the experience of camping out in temperatures of up to minus 39 Celsius (minus 38 Fahrenheit).
As some Swiss regions recorded temperatures of minus 23 Celsius (minus 10 Fahrenheit), the tourism board said the ice cover on Fribourg's Black Lake was thick enough to plan for aircrafts to land on it in the coming days.

 

Frozen continent! Europe's rivers, lakes and even seas are iced over as bitter Siberian cold leads to temperatures of almost -40C

By Daily Mail Reporter

Last updated at 12:49 AM on 13th February 2012

• Comments (28)
• Share

You would be forgiven for thinking these stunning vistas lay deep in the heart of Antarctica.
But they are, in fact, what has become of the European landscape as temperatures plummet to nearly -40C - the coldest snap in decades.
Rivers, lakes, beaches and even seas have been iced over by a Siberian freeze, creating some incredible sights, but also more tales of tragedy.

Big freeze: Walkers brave it across the snow near Isaba in northern Spain today as temperatures plunged to nearly -40C in some parts of Europe



Iced over: People enjoy a cold winter day on the frozen Lake Pfaeffikersee, near the village of Pfaeffikon, some 12.5 miles east of Zurich in Switzerland
Not going anywhere: Boats lie trapped in the ice on Lake Neuchatel at the port of Grandson, Switzerland, as onlookers watch in awe at the scale of the big freeze




Braving the elements: Ice fishers angle on the frozen Sulejowski Reservoir in Bronislawow, central Poland, as freezing temperatures leaves thousands stranded without power in the Balkans

Thousands enjoyed a day out on the frozen Lake Pfaeffikersee, near Zurich, Switzerland, today, while ice anglers looked more like Eskimos as they braved the conditions on a Polish reservoir.


More...

• It feels like home at last! Three Arctic wolf cubs enjoy their first taste of snow since arriving in the UK from Canada
• Arctic freeze finally at an end after days of record-breaking cold as half term temperatures head for double figures

But in southern Kosovo, nine people were killed when an avalanche hit the village of Restelica, officials said on Sunday, adding to more than 500 killed in snow and bitter cold across the Continent in the past two weeks.
In Poland, the interior ministry said 20 people had died in the past 24 hours because of the freezing weather, bringing the toll there so far this year to at least 100.

A rare piece of greenery: An olive tree on the outskirts of Rome as heavy snow caused chaos across the country




No-flow area: The castle and the old bridge are seen over the frozen river Neckar in Heidelberg, southwestern Germany, today as the Siberian chill tightens its grip



Perilous: This picture shows the dangerous driving conditions on the E85 motorway near Urziceni city, some 57km north-east from Bucharest, Romania



Spray play: A boy throws a block of ice into a frozen fountain in Milan, Italy, as a cold front continues to affect the country


Up against it: A man pushes his bicycle on a snow-covered road during heavy blizzards near Cotorca village, 70 km northeast of Bucharest


A spokeswoman said the latest victims froze to death or were suffocated or killed by fires due to defective or improvised heaters.
The Kosovo avalanche enveloped about 15 houses on Saturday, but only two were occupied at the time.
One person was missing and a girl aged about six was found alive late on Saturday after residents and emergency services helped dig out the houses. She was taken to hospital.
'The number of dead people now is nine and we believe there is still one missing person,' said Ibrahim Shala, a spokesperson from the Kosovo Security Force (KSF).
Temperatures have plummeted in parts of Europe close to minus 40 degrees Celsius (minus 40 Fahrenheit) in the coldest February snap the region has seen in decades. Meteorologists say it could last till the end of the month.
In Kosovo, three people died and two children were injured on Thursday when a gas can that a family was using for heating exploded.



Frozen in: Houses covered in snow in the village of Restelica, Kosovo, where at least nine people died and one is missing after being struck by an avalanche



Tragedy: Members of Kosovo Security Force (KSF) and firefighters search for a missing person at the site where an avalanche hit houses in Restelica. Police said some 15 houses were swallowed up by the landslide



Morbid: Rescuers carry the body of an avalanche victim during the recovery operation in Kosovo


Macabre: Members of the Kosovo Security Force (KSF) identify two avalanche victims. A girl aged about six was found alive late on Saturday after residents and emergency services helped dig out the houses


Crushing weather: View of the Skenderija sports center in downtown Sarajevo, Bosnia, that was used for ice skating events in the 1984 Winter Olympics after it collapsed under the weight of heavy snow

Kosovo's government ordered schools to remain closed for another week with more snow expected. Police said many inhabited areas were completely cut off.
In neighbouring Montenegro the government imposed a state of emergency late on Saturday after snow blocked roads and railways across most of the country. Three people have died so far.
More than 50 people have been stranded on a train in Montenegro's north for more than two days as emergency crews struggle to rescue them.

In the mountain town of Zabljak in Montenegro's north, snow was 2.3 metres deep, while authorities have banned all private traffic in the capital Podgorica, where snow is almost a metre (three feet) deep and more is forecast on Sunday.
In Serbia, which declared a state of emergency last week, 19 people have died in the cold snap so far.



Wind in their sails: Skaters and an ice surfer enjoy the frozen Zalew Zegrzynski lake near Warsaw, Poland, as low temperatures holds the country in its grip

Where's the sand? A man walks on a snow-covered beach at Fregene, west of Rome. The heavy downfall blanketed the capital Rome, cut off mountain villages and disrupted roads, railways and airports around the country











Shelter from the storm: Women walk on a street in Sarajevo where more than one metre of snow blocked traffic. In total, 13 people have died in Bosnia as the cold spell hit the country


Rock solid: The surface of the Black Sea is seen covered with ice at the port of Yevpatoria in the Ukraine earlier this month

Economists said damage from the cold weather may cost the country more than 500 million euros ($660 million).
More than 2,000 industrial businesses have been idled to limit the strain on coal-fired power plants and hydropower plants, which were struggling because of the buildup of ice.
The government also ordered the closure of all schools and non-essential businesses until February 20.
Port authorities for Serbian sections of the Danube, Sava and Tisa rivers halted navigation due to a heavy buildup of ice.
For the first time in decades, parts of the Black Sea has frozen near its shores, while the Kerch Strait that links the Azov Sea and the Black Sea has been closed to navigation.

Read more: Europe weather: Rivers, lakes and even seas are iced over as bitter Siberian cold leads to temperatures of almost -40C | Mail Online
​

 

แม่น้ำในเวนิส กลายเป็นน้ำแข็ง

Take A Look: A Venice Canal...Frozen

Brett Israel
OurAmazingPlanet
Mon, 13 Feb 2012 11:24 CST


© mesebar2/flickr
On Feb. 6, 2012, Venice's famed canals were choked with ice.



This winter has been an odd one so far in Italy. Earlier in February, Rome saw a surprisingly heavily snowfall. Later in the month, Venice's famous canals froze, as seen in the above picture.

Until this past weekend, much of North America -- except for Alaska -- has enjoyed a mild winter. The return of La Niña, a naturally occurring climate phenomenon featuring cooler-than-average Pacific Ocean temperatures that influences global weather patterns, has pushed the jet stream north, which is partly to blame for Alaska's snowy winter. But in the European region, the effects of La Niña are relatively weak and variable, according to the Met Office, the UK's weather service.

Regardless, cold air pouring southward into southern and eastern Europe has created a brutal winter. The cold has been blamed for tens to hundreds of deaths, according to news reports.