ค้นพบดาวเคราะห์ดวงใหม่ชื่อ "ไทคี" Tyche มีมวลมากกว่าดาวพฤหัส 4 เท่า

นาซ่า่ค้นพบดาวเคราะห์ดวงใหม่ที่ใหญ่ที่สุดในระบบสุริยะจักรวาล ที่ห่างออกไปจากดาวพลูโตพอสมควร

 

NASA Telescope May Reveal New Planet, Tyche


<cite class="vcard"> By ELIZABETH TYLER Elizabeth Tyler </cite>
– <abbr title="2011-02-15T15:45:00-0800" class="timedate">Tue Feb 15, 6:45 pm ET</abbr>

A few years ago we all thought there were nine planets. But now space is a whole lot more complicated. The hunt for the giant planet is on.

When Pluto was demoted from its five years ago, we were pretty shook up. Having eight planets just isn't so catchy. Classroom wall charts around the globe were taken down and new rhymes had to be learned. Luckily, scientists have strong evidence to suggest that there is a ninth planet lurking beyond Pluto, and what's more, it's a big one. (See the top 50 space moments since Sputnik.)

Evidence gathered by the NASA space telescope, Wise, offers proof that this is hidden in the outer Oort Cloud, the most remote part of the solar system. The suspected planet has been named Tyche (pronounced ty-kee) by the two astrophysicists proposing it for "planet" status, Daniel Whitmire and John Matese from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. The first batch of data on Tyche is due to be released in April. After that, the planet may reveal itself within two years, say the two scientists. "If it does, John and I will be doing cartwheels. And that's not easy at our age." Professor Whitmire said.

Once Tyche has been located, it is up to the (IAU) whether or not it gains full "planet" status. The main problem the IAU could have with the proposal is that Tyche probably formed around another star and was later captured by the sun's gravitational field. They might even have to create a whole new category for the gas-ball giant. (See pictures of Mars.)

Tyche is suspected to be four times the mass of Jupiter with an orbit around 15,000 times further from the Sun than Earth's, and 375 times further than [COLOR=#366388 ! important][COLOR=#366388 ! important]Pluto's[/COLOR][/COLOR].It will probably be composed mainly of hydrogen and helium, with an atmosphere just like Jupiter's. Professor Whitmire added that the planet-in-waiting will have its own moons, like other outer planets, and its surface will be covered in colorful spots, bands and clouds. The Wise data also revealed that Tyche is four or five times warmer than Pluto, at a prediceted -73C (-99F). "The heat is left over from its formation," said Prof Whitmire, "It takes an object this size a long time to cool off."

In a few months time, we could be back to the good ol' nine-planet solar system, courtesy of the giant Tyche. Watch this space. (Via The Independent)


เมื่อหลายปีก่อน พวกเราคิดว่าเรามีดาวเคราะห์ทั้งหมดเก้าดวง แต่ตอนนี้อวกาศทั้งหมดดูยุ่งยากไปมากว่า และการตามหาดาวเคราะห์ดวงใหญ่ก็ได้ทำขึ้นเรื่อยๆ

เมื่อดาวพลูโตถูกเอาออกจากระบบ สุริยะจักรวาลเมื่อห้าปีก่อน พวกเราช๊อคไปตามๆ กัน มีดาวเคราะห์แปดดวงรู้สึกไม่ค่อยจับใจเท่าไหร่ โรงเรียนต่างๆ ทั่วโลกต้องสอนเด็กใหม่ว่าดาวเคราะห์มีแปดดวงเพื่อให้คล้องจองกัน ก็เป็นการโชคดีอย่างหนึ่งที่นักวิทยาศาสตร์มีหลักฐานว่ามีดาวเคราะห์ดวงที่ เก้า ที่ซ่อนอยู่หลังดาวพลูโต และยิ่งไปกว่านั้น มันใหญ่มาก
หลักฐานต่างๆ เก็บรวบรวมโดยกล้องดูดาวของนาซ่า แสดงให้เห็นดึกเจ้าดาวนี้นอกๆ ขอบสุริยะไกลออกไป และเจ้าดาวดวงนี้ถูกตั้งชื่อว่า "ไทคี" ภาษาอังกฤษเขียนว่า Tyche ซึ่งถูกตั้งโดยนักดาราศาสตร์ที่บอกว่าเจ้าดาวนี้เป็นดาวเคราะห์ หลักฐานชุดแรกจเกี่ยวกับเจ้าดาวไทคี จะถูกออกมาในเดือนเมษายน นักวิทยาศาตร์สองคนกล่าวว่า เจ้าดาวนี้จะเผยตัวเองภายในสองปี ถ้าไม่เป็นอย่างนั้นพวกไม่ง่ายเลยที่จะเห็นเจ้าดาวนี่ในอายุของพวกเรา

ไทคี ถูกสงสัยว่าจะมีมวลมากกว่าดาวพฤหัสสี่เท่าและ วงโคจรของไทคี ประมาณ 15,000 เท่าไกลกว่าระยะทางโลกถึงพระอาทิตย์ และ 375 เท่าของระยะทางระหว่างดาวพลูโตกับพระอาทิตย์ ไทคีเป็นไปได้ที่ส่วนประกอบหลักคือไฮโดรเจนและฮีเลี่ยม และบรรยากาศคล้ายดาวพฤหัสเลย Professor Whitmire บอกว่ากำลังรอดูอยู่ว่าไทคีจะมีประจันทร์เป็นของตัวเองไหม

และข้อมูลที่น่าเชื่อถือได้บอกว่าเจ้าไทคีจะมีอุหณหภูมิอุ่นกว่าดาวพลูโต ประมาณ สี่ถึงห้าเท่า คาดว่าประมาณ -73C (-99F) ความร้อนเหล่านี้หลงเหลือจากที่ไทคีฟอร์มตัวเองขึ้นมา และมันจะใช้เวลานานที่ทำให้ดาวขนาดใหญ่นี้เย็นขึ้น
ในไม่ช้านี้เราก็คงจะกลับไปบอกว่า เรามีดาวเคราะห์เก้าดวงในระบบสุริยะจักรวาลของเรา

 

Scientists, telescope hunt massive hidden object in space


Some scientists think a brown dwarf or gas giant bigger than Jupiter could be at the outer reaches of the solar system. In this image showing relative size, the white object at the upper left edge represents the sun.

You know how you sometimes can sense that something is present even though you can't see it? Well, astronomers are getting that feeling about a giant, hidden object in space.
And when we say giant, we mean GIANT.
Evidence is mounting that either a brown dwarf star or a gas giant planet is lurking at the outermost reaches of our solar system, far beyond Pluto. The theoretical object, dubbed Tyche, is estimated to be four times the size of Jupiter and 15,000 times farther from the sun than Earth, according to a story in the British paper The Independent.
Astrophysicists John Matese and Daniel Whitmire from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette think data from NASA's infrared space telescope WISE will confirm Tyche's existence and location within two years.
The presence of such a massive object in the solar system's far-flung Oort Cloud could explain a barrage of comets from an unexpected direction, according to a December article at Space.com.
Its 27 million-year orbit could also explain a pattern of mass extinctions on Earth, scientists say.
Brown dwarfs are cold "failed" stars; their dimness and lack of heat radiation can make them hard to detect. Gas giants are huge planets – like Saturn, Jupiter and Neptune – that are made up of gases and may lack a solid surface like Earth's.
Whitmire told The Independent that Tyche will probably be composed of hydrogen and helium and have colorful spots, bands and clouds like Jupiter.
"You'd also expect it to have moons," he said. "All the outer planets have them."
Tyche was first hypothesized in 1984 as Nemesis, a dark companion star to the sun. It's been the subject of astronomical research and debate ever since. In July, another Space.com article said the celestial evidence suggests Tyche could not possibly exist.
To distinguish it from the Nemesis star theory, Matese and Whitmire are calling their object Tyche, after the good sister of the goddess Nemesis in Greek mythology.
Their research is published in Icarus, the International Journal of Solar System Studies.

 

Up telescope! Search begins for giant new planet

Tyche may be bigger than Jupiter and orbit at the outer edge of the solar system By Paul Rodgers

If you grew up thinking there were nine planets and were shocked when Pluto was demoted five years ago, get ready for another surprise. There may be nine after all, and Jupiter may not be the largest.



The hunt is on for a gas giant up to four times the mass of Jupiter thought to be lurking in the outer Oort Cloud, the most remote region of the solar system. The orbit of Tyche (pronounced ty-kee), would be 15,000 times farther from the Sun than the Earth's, and 375 times farther than Pluto's, which is why it hasn't been seen so far.



But scientists now believe the proof of its existence has already been gathered by a Nasa space telescope, Wise, and is just waiting to be analysed.


The first tranche of data is to be released in April, and astrophysicists John Matese and Daniel Whitmire from the University of Louisiana at Lafayette think it will reveal Tyche within two years. "If it does, John and I will be doing cartwheels," Professor Whitmire said. "And that's not easy at our age."



Once Tyche has been located, other telescopes could be pointed at it to confirm the discovery.
Whether it would become the new ninth planet would be decided by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). The main argument against is that Tyche probably formed around another star and was later captured by the Sun's gravitational field. The IAU may choose to create a whole new category for Tyche, Professor Matese said.
The IAU would also have the final say about the gas giant's name. To the Greeks, Tyche was the goddess responsible for the destiny of cities. Her name was provisionally chosen in reference to an earlier hypothesis, now largely abandoned, that the Sun might be part of a binary star system with a dim companion, tentatively called Nemesis, that was thought responsible for mass extinctions on Earth. In myth, Tyche was the good sister of Nemesis.



Tyche will almost certainly be made up mostly of hydrogen and helium and will probably have an atmosphere much like Jupiter's, with colourful spots and bands and clouds, Professor Whitmire said. "You'd also expect it to have moons. All the outer planets have them," he added.



What will make it stand out in the Wise data is its temperature, predicted to be around -73C, four or five times warmer than Pluto. "The heat is left over from its formation," Professor Whitmire said. "It takes an object this size a long time to cool off."



Most of the billions of objects in the Oort Cloud – a sphere one light year in radius stretching a quarter of the distance to Alpha Centauri, the brightest star in the southern constellation – are lumps of dirty ice at temperatures much closer to absolute zero (-273C).



A few of these are dislodged from their orbits by the galactic tide – the combined gravitational pull from the billions of stars towards the centre of the Milky Way – and start the long fall into the inner solar system.



As these long-period comets get closer to the Sun, some of the ice boils off, forming the characteristic tails that make them visible.



Professors Matese and Whitmire first proposed the existence of Tyche to explain why many of these long-period comets were coming from the wrong direction. In their latest paper, published in the February issue of Icarus, the international journal of solar system studies, they report that more than 20 per cent too many of the long-period comets observed since 1898 arrive from a band circling the sky at a higher angle than predicted by the galactic-tide theory.



No other proposal has been put forward to explain this anomaly since it was first suggested 12 years ago. But the Tyche hypothesis does have one flaw. Conventional theory holds that the gas giant should also dislodge comets from the inner Oort Cloud, but these have not been observed.
Professor Matese suggests this may be because these comets have already been tugged out of their orbits and, after several passes through the inner solar system, have faded to the point that they are much harder to detect.
So if it is real, Tyche may not only be disrupting the orbits of comets, it may also overturn an established scientific theory.

 

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